Bipolar neuron
A bipolar neuron is a nerve cell with two extensions that acts as a signal relay in sensory pathways such as the retina and olfactory system.
Bipolar neurons are categorized by their specific anatomical placement within sensory pathways. Their structural configuration enables them to function as critical signal relays in the following systems:
1. Visual System
- Retina bipolar cell: These act as intermediaries between photoreceptor cell types and downstream ganglion cells.
- Signal Processing: Unlike neurons that fire action potentials, these cells utilize graded potential changes to transmit visual data.
- Receptive Fields: They are classified into 'on-center' and 'off-center' types, determined by their response to light via an inhibitory synapse or excitatory connection.
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